2. Strengthening the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, including injuries. Adopt a holistic, multi-sectoral and life-course approach in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases posing the heaviest burden in the region, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, as well as mental illnesses, disabilities, violence and injuries. Reduce intermediate risk factors (including obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, impaired lung function, stress and anxiety), by taking actions that would have a positive effect on modifiable health risk factors including life style choices (such as smoking cessation policies, nutrition consultation, physical activity promotion, and counteraction against substance abuse); prevent and control non-communicable diseases through the whole life course by providing continuous health management, early diagnosis and early treatment for patients and high-risk groups; and reduce disabilities caused by occupational hazard in working places, road traffic and injuries by addressing environmental and occupational health related risk factors (such as pollution, road traffic accidents and workplace risks).

3. Strengthening health systems to support Universal Health Coverage. Collaborate with stakeholders and share experiences to provide the whole population, including the poor, vulnerable and marginalized groups, with access to safe, effective, high quality and affordable primary health care without the risk of suffering from financial hardship, while at the same time ensuring long term sustainability to the system. To that end, establish an adaptive health systems, which are financially sustainable, provide access to safe and effective essential medicines and traditional and complementary/alternative medicines, which are supported by a motivated, appropriately-trained workforce; with effective, interoperable health information systems; and sound governance structures

4. Improving health emergency preparedness, surveillance, response and recovery systems for public health events and disasters in the APEC region. Improve and coordinate domestic strategies, policies and emergency preparedness for health emergency response in line with the World Health Organization International Health Regulations. Allocate sufficient resources, as appropriate, to strengthen monitoring, early warning and rapid response to public health emergencies, especially for outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and disasters in the Asia Pacific region. Ensure access to healthcare services in emergency by protecting basic health infrastructures, promoting multi-sectoral sector approach and strengthening capacity building in the health emergency response workforce. Improve the capabilities of communities to respond to and quickly recover from public health emergencies and disasters.

Proposed actions are:

1. To put “Health in All Policies” and a “Whole-of-Government” approach into practice as appropriate. We will encourage multi-sectoral action in health policy development, implementation and evaluation. Non-health sectors such as commerce, agriculture, environment and transportation are encouraged to incorporate potential implications for health and health equity into policy making, implementation and evaluation, thereby avoiding harmful health impact and improving population health and health equity.